Amid concerns about job displacement due to technological advancements and the emergence of new career paths, the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on employment has become a key topic of discussion at the ongoing National People's Congress sessions. He Han, a National Committee member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and Chairman of Tianyu Digital Technology, emphasized the need to move beyond a simplistic view of AI as merely replacing jobs. He argued that while AI will inevitably automate repetitive and procedural roles, its greater significance lies in generating higher-value positions through a chain reaction effect.
He Han illustrated this by pointing to new professions emerging from AI integration. The implementation of embodied intelligence requires "robot trainers" to teach machines practical tasks. Building intelligent agent ecosystems demands "multi-agent collaboration architects" to ensure system coordination. Optimizing computing power networks necessitates "green computing schedulers" for efficient resource allocation. These roles, characterized by advanced technical requirements and attractive compensation, represent desirable career directions for young people.
Looking deeper, AI is redefining human-machine collaboration. He Han suggested that future factories will not simply replace humans with machines but will evolve toward a model where humans complement machinery. People will focus on decision-making, innovation, and complex problem-solving, while machines handle execution, repetition, and precision tasks. This shift in labor division will drive improvements in workforce quality and transform employment structures from pyramid-shaped to olive-shaped distributions.
He Han described AI not as a threat to existing jobs but as a catalyst for employment transformation and creation. He stressed that effective policies are crucial, including guiding universities to optimize academic programs and encouraging companies to participate in industry-education integration, ensuring workers can thrive in the new technological landscape.
"The next five years present better opportunities for graduates," said He Xiaopeng, NPC deputy and Chairman and CEO of XPeng Motors. He noted that while companies previously favored experienced hires, AI's disruption across industries—coupled with government emphasis on integrating technological and industrial innovation—creates advantages for new graduates unconstrained by fixed mindsets or established work methods, making them more adaptable to emerging trends.
Dong Mingzhu, NPC deputy and Chairperson of Gree Electric Appliances, views AI as a tool rather than a replacement for human capabilities. While AI can organize data, assist production, and improve efficiency, it cannot produce emotionally resonant writing or replicate entrepreneurial judgment and responsibility. "We should use AI to free young people from tedious and labor-intensive tasks, helping them transition from operational roles to technical positions," Dong expressed, highlighting her confidence in Chinese youth and emphasizing the importance of proper guidance and opportunity creation.
At the national level, proactive measures are being taken to address AI's employment impact. The government work report proposes improving measures to promote employment and entrepreneurship in line with AI development. Wang Xiaoping, Minister of Human Resources and Social Security, stated that relevant policies are under study to leverage AI's role in creating new jobs and enhancing traditional positions, fostering inclusive development that balances technological progress with livelihood improvements.
Historically, from steam engines to the internet, technological revolutions have initially sparked anxiety but ultimately elevated employment quality. With further policy refinement, AI is poised to act as a catalyst for professional evolution.