China pushed back Monday against U.S. claims that its development of artificial intelligence is creating threats. "Spreading threat narratives and engaging in confrontation and malicious competition will only derail global AI governance," Foreign Ministry spokesman Guo Jiakun said at a regular news briefing.

President Trump on Sunday suggested that guardrails on AI development could impede the U.S.'s ability to outpace China, saying "whoever wins AI wins." Debates have intensified in the U.S. as researchers at leading AI companies warn that the technology could slip out of human control.

Anthropic Chief Executive Dario Amodei has called on the industry to slow the pace of AI development following the departure of a researcher concerned about AI running amok. Elon Musk, whose company built Grok, backed Amodei's proposal. Amodei also said he was concerned that China would use the technology against free societies.

In an article published Sunday, China's state security minister Chen Yixin outlined what he described as threats posed by AI-especially if exploited by foreign adversaries. Those risks, Chen wrote, include threats to Communist Party rule, critical information infrastructure, data security and the military.