流感季爆火的居家快檢，真的有那麼靈？

商業秀

2025/12/23

千億市場博弈下爆火的居家快檢，是救命神器還是踩坑陷阱？/文｜何闌伊編｜楊肖若出品｜商業秀圖片來源｜由AI生成凌晨兩點的北京，王女士抱着燒到39℃的孩子急得直跺腳。醫院發熱門診數小時的長隊、未知的交叉感染風險，讓此時着急的她果斷打開美團買藥，下單了流感居家快檢。2點40分採樣盒敲門，5分鐘搞定鼻拭子，清晨5點收到甲流陽性報告，線上問診開方後，7點奧司他韋就送上門，孩子當天下午就退了燒。這場深夜育兒...

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href=\"http://gu.qq.com/resources/shy/news/detail-v2/index.html#/?id=nesSN20251223122533a6c43f1d&s=b\">網頁鏈接</a>\n\n</div>\n\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n<p> 來源：<a href=\"http://gu.qq.com/resources/shy/news/detail-v2/index.html#/?id=nesSN20251223122533a6c43f1d&s=b\">商業秀</a></p>\n<p>為提升您的閱讀體驗，我們對本頁面進行了排版優化</p>\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","isBrief":false,"type":0,"news_type":1,"symbol":"LU0541501648.USD","symbol_name":"ALLSPRING  EMERGING MARKETS EQUITY \"A\" (USD) ACC","start_time":0,"source_url":"http://gu.qq.com/resources/shy/news/detail-v2/index.html#/?id=nesSN20251223122533a6c43f1d&s=b","article_id":"2593466914","we_media_id":null,"thumbnails":[],"rights":{"source":"tencent","url":"http://gu.qq.com/resources/shy/news/detail-v2/index.html#/?id=nesSN20251223122533a6c43f1d&s=b","rn_cache_url":null,"customStyle":"body{padding-top:10px;}#news_title{font-weight:bold;#titleStyle#;}#news_description 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effective?","themeId":null,"isJumpTheme":false,"ttsUrl":null,"symbols_score_info":{"86618":0.6,"HMTD.SI":0.6,"06618":0.83,"METmain":0.6,"MPNGY":1.95,"03690":1.95,"00241":0.9},"content_text":"千億市場博弈下爆火的居家快檢，是救命神器還是踩坑陷阱？/文｜何闌伊編｜楊肖若出品｜商業秀圖片來源｜由AI生成凌晨兩點的北京，王女士抱着燒到39℃的孩子急得直跺腳。醫院發熱門診數小時的長隊、未知的交叉感染風險，讓此時着急的她果斷打開美團買藥，下單了流感居家快檢。2點40分採樣盒敲門，5分鐘搞定鼻拭子，清晨5點收到甲流陽性報告，線上問診開方後，7點奧司他韋就送上門，孩子當天下午就退了燒。這場深夜育兒危機，被檢測+問診+送藥的閉環，穩穩化解。而在千里之外的杭州，互聯網從業者李先生卻罵罵咧咧地躺了一週。發燒38.3℃恰逢項目衝刺，他怕耽誤工作下單居家快檢，陰性結果讓他硬扛了兩天。可高燒始終不退，等去醫院確診乙流時，早已錯過48小時黃金用藥期，最後只能請假卧牀，項目進度也落了一大截。同樣是美團買藥的居家快檢，有人誇它是「流感季救星」，有人覺得它會「耽誤病情」。這個爆火的服務，在流感高發季攪動了整個醫療消費市場。中國疾控中心最新數據顯示，目前全國共有17個省份流感活動處於高流行水平，其餘省份處於中流行水平，門急診就診的流感樣病例患者中流感病毒檢測陽性率達到51%，未超過近三年最高水平。需求之下，平台訂單量瘋漲。據新京報報道，美團買藥12月健康指數顯示，華東和中部城市甲流指數仍處快速上升階段。流感檢測需求激增，近一週，美團買藥居家快檢服務訂單量環比增長超60%，上海等核心城市訂單創年內新高，親子用户佔了七成。除美團買藥以外，阿里健康和京東健康也上線了類似服務，流程和時效相似，價格也幾乎一樣，首單價69.9元，差不多是院內檢測價格的三分之一。據財新網報道，首都醫科大學附屬北京地壇醫院（稱「地壇醫院」）聯合京東健康於12月1日推出了「呼吸道病原3小時護士上門快速檢驗」服務。號稱「3小時就能出報告，覆蓋6種常見呼吸道病原體。」一邊是緩解醫療擠兑的創新嘗試，一邊是頻繁出現的檢測誤差，美團買藥們力推的居家快檢，真的有那麼靈嗎？01爆火的居家快檢，戳中誰的剛需？居家快檢之所以能在流感季殺出重圍，本質上是精準踩中了三類人的核心需求，再加上政策和技術的雙重加持，一度火爆出圈。對很多家長來説，省時、少折騰就是優勢。有疾控相關數據顯示，5-14歲孩子的流感陽性率遠高於其他年齡組，孩子突發高燒，家長最怕的就是醫院排隊幾小時，還可能交叉感染。好在居家快檢主打30分鐘送樣、3-4小時出結果，這樣的節奏剛好解決了很多家長的這個痛點。現在北京、上海還推出了護士上門採樣服務，給老人小孩多了一層專業保障。對很多上班的打工人來説，居家快檢也是不請假自救的首選。你想，互聯網、金融行業從業者哪敢輕易請假。輕微發燒咳嗽，花個64.9到69.9元，也才不到醫院費用的一半，3小時內就能完成檢測，確診後直接下單特效藥，完全不耽誤工作。一些數據也印證了這點，華東地區甲流藥品訂單週漲超80%，武漢更是漲了95%，瑪巴洛沙韋訂單直接翻倍，大多是快檢確診後的連帶消費。從公共衞生角度看，它更像是個靠譜的醫療分流器。流感季醫院發熱門診擠得水泄不通，大連某醫院等候區甚至出現全員咳嗽的場景。而美團數據顯示，過去近一年已有超50萬人次通過平台完成居家檢測，輕症患者不用往醫院跑，確實很大程度上緩解了醫療擠兑。從檢測試劑需求來看，10月初，平台與萬孚健康、復星診斷等6家知名醫療器械品牌達成深度合作，目前甲乙流檢測試劑覆蓋率近90%。今年11月以來，甲乙流呼吸道檢測試劑銷量月環比增長超9倍。此外，美團買藥的居家快檢服務從原來的7個城市增加至包括北京、上海、廣州、深圳、杭州等在內的13個城市，其中有8個重點城市在近期流感高發季的運力提升了近一倍。國家疾控的一些專家也認可這種模式，能早期發現感染者，減少聚集性傳播。2024年12月2日，中國檢驗檢測學會發布了《居家醫學檢驗外送服務規範》（T/CITS 172—2024），這也是國內首個居家檢測外送服務相關的團體標準。現在平台用的核酸檢測靈敏度也接近醫院水平，能精準區分甲流、乙流，可見技術和政策都給了支撐。02背後爭議：假陰性，誰為這份便捷買單？但是，再方便的服務，背後也有不能忽視的風險。有業內人士稱，居家快檢終究替代不了醫院的專業診斷，這些坑一定要避開。首先，最讓人頭疼的就是假陰性問題。操作不當更是放大誤差的關鍵。不同品牌試劑要求天差地別，不同品牌試劑要求天差地別，有的要拭子深入鼻腔3cm旋轉15秒，有的只寫1cm，按後者操作的漏檢率比前者高23%。普通用户沒經過專業培訓，拭子插得太淺、旋轉時間不夠，都可能會導致樣本不足；更易被忽視的是判讀細節，若超過説明書規定的20分鐘再觀察結果，假陽性概率會增加4倍。值得注意的是，即便是規範操作，居家快檢的靈敏度仍有侷限。一項納入全球152個研究、超10萬人次樣本的薈萃分析顯示，抗原自測在有症狀感染者中敏感性僅為73%（即27%可能假陰性），在無症狀感染者中敏感性更差，僅55%（即45%可能假陰性）。相比之下，醫院的核酸檢測因存在核酸擴增環節，準確率可達90%以上，被視為診斷金標準，能更精準地明確感染亞型，為用藥提供科學依據。還有適用人羣的侷限性。國家疾控局提醒，兒童、老年人以及有慢性基礎性疾病患者感染流感後，有發生重症或其他併發症的風險。出現持續高燒等症狀時應及時就醫，目前國內已有有效的治療藥物。12月19日，國家衞生健康委召開新聞發佈會特別提醒，65歲以上的中老年人、3歲以下的兒童、孕婦、身體質量指數BMI大於30的肥胖者、有慢性基礎病者，自身抵抗力較弱，是重症流感的高危人羣，一旦出現突發高熱、肌肉痠痛等流感症狀，不要等待觀察，發病48小時內應儘早就醫。可總有人為了圖方便，選居家快檢，最後耽誤了治療。以上這類人就算快檢陰性，症狀持續也要立刻就醫。另外，檢測範圍的侷限與過度檢測亂象並存，進一步加劇了健康風險。目前多數居家快檢僅覆蓋12種常見病原體，像合胞病毒、腺病毒等高發致病原均未納入檢測範圍。更關鍵的是，檢測陰性不代表沒感染其他病毒，若將快檢結果當成「最終診斷」，很可能錯過其他疾病的治療時機。此外，部分檢測結果可能存在誤導性，比如肺炎鏈球菌等是人體呼吸道常見定植菌，即使檢測顯示「檢出（條件致病）」，也未必是當前症狀的直接病因，需結合臨牀症狀綜合判斷。另一個容易被忽視的問題是，居家檢測後自行用藥的風險極高。有醫生提醒，甲流、乙流雖有特效藥，但奧司他韋、瑪巴洛沙韋等處方藥的適用人羣和用法用量有嚴格要求，比如瑪巴洛沙韋暫不適用兒童、孕婦和哺乳期婦女；而腺病毒、鼻病毒等感染目前並無特效藥，濫用抗病毒藥或抗生素，不僅無效還可能損傷肝腎，或導致細菌耐藥性增加。當便捷與精準失衡，當誤操作、假陰性以及不規範用藥可能疊加形成健康隱患，這份看似省心的居家快檢，最終的風險成本，難道要由普通用户來買單？03千億商業賽道，互聯網巨頭在搶什麼？儘管居家快檢爭議不斷，但因為流感、新冠等呼吸道疾病常態化，讓這個賽道成了香餑餑，美團、京東健康、阿里健康等巨頭，紛紛入局打得火熱。從時間線上來看，各家互聯網巨頭官宣推出居家快檢業務的節點基本都卡在2023年。目前行業形成了兩種主流模式，一是美團買藥的「自採送檢」，靠即時配送網絡實現「30分鐘送樣+3小時出結果」，主打便捷和性價比，近半數藥店已經接入「1對1急送」。二是京東健康的「上門採樣送檢」，聯合醫院推出護士上門服務，樣本直接送醫院實驗室，主打精準可靠。還有福州的醫院推出「護士上門+公立醫院檢測」，讓居家檢測也能拿到醫院報告。各家的價格戰打得更是激烈。12聯檢的居家快檢，平台補貼後才64.9到69.9元，而醫院同類檢測要200元左右。據一位接近京東健康的人士透露，居家快檢業務本身仍處於虧損狀態，基本是做一單虧幾十塊錢，離打平還有很大的缺口，但管理層給了相對充裕的空間，「在當下這個階段，公司並不是太在意錢的事，還是希望用恰當的價格，讓用户接受在家做檢測，培養心智。」美團的公開數據也證明了這一點，甲乙流特效藥訂單大增，奧司他韋覆蓋率穩定在98%以上，檢測和購藥形成了完美閉環。但值得注意的是，無論是美團還是京東，都為居家快檢配置了線上問診開方的服務。而從用户畫像來看，使用居家快檢的用户大多都是急性起病，且有明確診斷的具體需求，這和當前互聯網診療中的慢病複診患者完全是兩個羣體。但隨着2024年底行業規範的出台，再加上檢測試劑靈敏度提升、服務網點擴張，居家快檢或許會越來越成熟。有業內人士預測，未來三年市場規模能突破千億，除了呼吸道檢測，還會拓展到慢病管理、女性健康、腫瘤早篩等領域。美團買藥們推出的居家快檢，確實是科技和市場需求催生的嘗試，在一定程度上緩解了醫療擠兑、性價比高、省時省力，開闢了互聯網醫療的新賽道。但工具好不好，關鍵看怎麼用，如果説把它當成輕症初篩的輔助手段，它就能幫你省不少事。可要是把它當成替代醫院的救命稻草，就可能踩坑。所以，有個底線要牢記，居家快檢只能當補充，絕不能替代醫院診斷。該自檢，還是該就醫，大家還是要根據自身情況及時決策。尤其是高危人羣和重症患者，醫院的專業診療，才最靠譜。希望大家都能理性看待居家快檢這項服務，在便捷和謹慎之間，平安地度過這個流感季。「完」","kind":"news","is_publish_news":true,"is_publish_highlight":false,"is_publish_live":false,"is_publish_wemedia":null,"editions":null,"column":"","sentiment":"0","news_tag":"","news_rank":0,"symbols":[],"gpt_button":0,"need_auth":false,"code":"91000000","status":"200"}}}