Gilead Sciences (GILD) faces a potential threat from in vivo CAR-T, an early-stage technology that could transform the cell therapy space and impact 10% to 15% of Gilead's future revenue, RBC Capital Markets said Monday.

Analysts expect Gilead's ex vivo CAR-T franchise to become an increasingly meaningful revenue driver. Its commercial Yescarta/Tecartus cell therapy portfolio generated $1.8 billion in 2025, and despite headwinds from bispecific competition and challenges scaling beyond academic centers, a gradual recovery is expected as anito-cel launches and ramps, the firm said. Total cell therapy sales could potentially exceed $4 billion around the end of the decade, the brokerage said.

While there is room for organic growth of the cell therapy franchise, management believes only 10% to 20% of patients are eligible to actually receive CAR-T, while in vivo cell therapy presents a better alternative, the brokerage added.

The company's in vivo focused transactions include the Interius BioTherapeutics acquisition, bringing a lentiviral vector-based in vivo CAR-T platform with preclinical proof of concept data and intellectual property now integrated into Gilead, and the Pregene collaboration, a complementary in vivo vector delivery platform adding intellectual property breadth and a distinct design approach, according to the note.

RBC kept a sector perform rating on Gilead Sciences with a price target of $122.

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