【Earnings Highlights and Outlook】
- Financial Performance: TSMC reported Q2 2025 revenue of $30.1 billion, up 17.8% sequentially and exceeding guidance. Full-year 2025 revenue is now expected to grow around 30% year-over-year in US dollar terms.
- Gross Margin: Q2 gross margin was 58.6%, down 0.2 percentage points sequentially due to unfavorable foreign exchange rates and overseas fab dilution, partially offset by higher capacity utilization and cost improvements.
- Outlook: Q3 2025 revenue is forecast between $31.8-33 billion. Gross margin is expected to be 55.5-57.5%, with further pressure from foreign exchange and overseas fab ramp-up.

【Q&A Highlights】

Q1: How is the demand outlook for AI and data center, and how is TSMC addressing capacity constraints?
- AI Demand: AI-related demand remains very strong, with momentum expected to continue for years.
- Capacity Strategy: TSMC is working to "narrow the gap" between demand and supply, particularly for advanced nodes like 3nm and 2nm.
- Long-term Outlook: The company sees structural, multi-year demand for AI and data center applications.

Q2: Can you provide an update on TSMC's global manufacturing footprint expansion?
- US Expansion: Plans to invest $165 billion in US semiconductor manufacturing, including six advanced wafer fabs, two advanced packaging facilities, and an R&D center in Arizona.
- Japan and Europe: Progress on specialty technology fabs in Japan (Kumamoto) and plans for Germany, based on customer needs and market conditions.
- Taiwan Investment: Plans for 11 wafer manufacturing fabs and 4 advanced packaging facilities in Taiwan over the next several years.

Q3: What is the status and outlook for TSMC's 2nm and 1.4nm technology nodes?
- 2nm (N2) Development: On track for volume production in 2H 2025. Expected to deliver 10-15% speed improvement at the same power, or 25-30% power reduction at the same speed compared to N3E.
- N2P and A16: Enhanced versions of N2 family, with volume production scheduled for 2H 2026.
- 1.4nm (N1.4): Features second-generation nanosheet transistor structure. Development progressing well, with volume production scheduled for 2028.

Q4: How is TSMC addressing the profitability challenges from overseas expansion and foreign exchange impacts?
- Gross Margin Target: TSMC maintains its long-term gross margin target of 53% and higher, despite near-term headwinds.
- Overseas Fab Strategy: The company is working to improve cost structures in overseas fabs, particularly in Arizona, and collaborating with customers and suppliers to manage impacts.
- Value Creation: TSMC continues to focus on technology leadership, manufacturing excellence, and customer trust to strengthen its competitive position and earn value.

Q5: What is TSMC's strategy for advanced packaging technologies, particularly for AI applications?
- Customer-Driven Development: TSMC is developing various advanced packaging technologies based on customer demands, including system integration and CoWoS solutions.
- AI Focus: Advanced packaging solutions are being prioritized to address increasing die sizes and power efficiency needs for AI chips.
- Technology Synergy: While there are similarities between different packaging technologies, TSMC is developing a variety of solutions to meet diverse customer needs.

Q6: How does TSMC view the potential of humanoid robots as a future driver for semiconductor demand?
- Market Potential: It's still too early to accurately assess the market size and impact, but humanoid robots could potentially be a significant driver in the future.
- Application Areas: Initial applications are expected in medical and eldercare industries, requiring complex sensor technologies and computational power.
- Long-term Outlook: The humanoid robot market could potentially be much larger than the electric vehicle market, but development and adoption will take time due to complexity and safety considerations.

Disclaimer: This earnings call summary is generated by AI and is for informational purposes only. Due to technical limitations, inaccuracies may exist. It does not constitute investment advice or commitments.