根据克利夫兰联邦储备银行的一项研究，相较于银行自身直接持有的商业贷款，其通过非银行机构间接承担的商业贷款风险敞口规模较小。尽管近几十年来，非银行贷款机构在商业贷款领域不断扩张，但它们的部分资金来源仍依赖于传统银行，这引发了外界对非银行贷款违约可能对银行产生溢出效应的担忧。
数据显示，2024年，预计有6.1%的商业贷款由非银行机构发放，但其资金间接来自银行。在过去二十年中，这一比例大体维持在5%至6%的区间内。克利夫兰联储经济学家简-彼得·西德拉雷克指出：“若以占商业贷款总额的比例来看，这一规模并不大，且并未能完全弥补近几十年来银行资产负债表上直接面向企业部门的贷款规模下降所带来的影响。”
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