比推消息,据 The Block 报道,Vitalik 与 StarkWare 支持的 Kakarot 宣布开发出独立的以太坊零知识证明( ZK )堆栈,计划在 2025 年底前实现实时 Layer 1 区块证明。Kakarot 基于 Cairo 语言构建,采用 STARK 系统,避免对现有主流 ZK 技术栈的依赖,旨在增强以太坊 ZK 验证的多样性与系统韧性,助力实现以太坊2028年全面 ZK 化目标。
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