中国古代建筑里有一个特有构件——斗拱,是屋檐和屋顶的榫卯连接器,负责把重量传导给立柱,用于承重支撑。唐代建筑特色是超大屋檐,因为当时砌的是土墙不能淋雨,斗拱也要做得又大又重,支撑起庞大的屋檐。到明清时期,砖石建筑兴起,不怕淋雨,出檐变小,承重需求变小,斗拱也随之“瘦身”,建筑结构趋于简化。由此可见,斗拱的形态变化,并非简单由时代更迭或技艺新旧决定,而是基于实际需求的产物,因势而用,应需而生。...
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