金吾财讯 | 华泰证券发研报对5月经济活动数据进行点评。
2024年5月经济数据呈现“环比放缓、同比稳健”特征,主要受基数效应影响。外需与工业生产边际走弱,地产销售和投资降幅扩大,但消费因“618”错位和假期因素超预期增长。
出口与工业生产同步放缓。5月工业增加值同比增速从4月的6.1%回落至5.8%,船舶、电气机械等出口行业增速继续放缓;纺织、水泥及发电量增速低位下行。出口订单增长受“抢出口”退坡和关税不确定性影响,发电量同比亦回落。
投资增速总体减速。5月固定资产投资同比增速从4月的3.5%降至2.7%,基建和制造业投资高位放缓,房地产投资降幅从11.3%扩大至12.0%。房企资金来源同比降幅从5.3%走阔至10.1%,现金流压力仍存,地产周期尚未企稳。
消费增长超预期,但持续性存疑。5月社零同比增速从4月的5.1%升至6.4%,主因“618”促销错位(实物商品网上零售同比从6.1%升至8.2%)和五一假期出行提振(出游人次/消费同比增6.4%/8%)。但后续“以旧换新”政策退坡、整治违规聚餐等可能抑制消费反弹。
短期增长不确定性上升。外需波动(6月出口高频数据走弱)和“抢出口”效应消退或拖累贸易;政策支持若未加码,内需修复动能可能进一步放缓。不过,低基数效应下,二、三季度同比增速有望保持稳健。政策方面,四季度财政支出压力或加大,叠加货币政策前置,三季度末至四季度初可能是政策加力窗口期。
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