金吾财讯 | 中信建投发研报指，美国2030年电力峰值负荷预测大幅上调166GW至近1000GW，其中数据中心贡献54%。导致区域电价长期上涨、容量电价持续新高，各区域电网备用容量短缺，反映AIDC大规模建设下美国电力供需矛盾持续加剧，而火电等电源逐步退役更加重了缺电问题。我们认为，美国电力短缺积重难返、电力供需紧张将成为常态。AI巨头近期在白宫签署自建电源承诺，包括自建/共址电源并全额承担电网升级费用，还需反哺电网防止停电。（1）天然气发电凭借高可靠性、快速投运优势成为当前自建电源首选，同时，柴油发动机、船用中速机、SOFC、航改燃机等也成为受到青睐的方案。数据中心投运后，为追求可靠性仍需并网运行，（2）储能可满足并网新规对负荷侧响应能力的要求而成为必选项，后续也可进一步实现光储绿电供应。美国同步抛出750亿美元超高压电网投资计划，美国电网公司资本开支快速上行，而在新能源并网、AIDC配套设备相关订单已经耗尽欧美日企业产能的情况下，中国电网设备企业有望在这一轮美国电网资本开支周期中充分受益。
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