就业增长主要来自直接服务 AI 的高技能岗位,以及数据中心建设带动的蓝领就业。工程师、软件开发者、数学家和数据科学家等自 2022 年以来增加约 73 万个超出趋势线的岗位。Burning Glass Institute 首席经济学家估计,目前美国约 1% 的专业岗位可归类为 AI 岗位,在计算机和生命科学领域该比例达 4% 至 5%。数据中心建设支出一年内增长 60%,电工、暖通技术员等需求上升。Indeed 数据显示,数据中心安装和维护岗位薪资比同类工作高出约 40%。
客服岗位自 2023 年 1 月以来缩减约 10%,行政助理缩减约 15%。微软、Meta 在围绕 AI 重组业务时缩减人员,Block、Intuit 等用自动化工具替换部分人工。美国企业平均每月宣布约 1.6 万个与 AI 相关的裁员。经济学家 Noah Smith 指出,目前很难在劳动数据中找到被 AI 消灭的职业。
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