本周美联储利率决议出炉前,长期美国国债走势脆弱,10年期期限溢价已低于年初水平。短期内油价对美债收益率走势起着决定性作用,而令人担忧的财政赤字和日益激烈的资本竞争意味着,长债的任何反弹都将是昙花一现。
市场实际上已将美联储逼入本周加息的境地,推动周三政策会议加息的概率升至90%以上。因此,市场讨论的焦点已从美联储是否会加息转向紧缩周期将持续多久,定价倾向于年底前至少还会再加息一次。能源价格上涨引发的通胀加快,以及大规模的美债供应表明,各期限国债短期内恐难获得喘息之机。事实上,10年期收益率刚刚触及2007年以来最高水平。
从企业端来看,即便AI发展步伐放缓,股市受到的冲击也会远早于美债获得提振。随着超大规模数据中心运营商越来越多地利用债务市场为AI建设融资,加之长期供应协议又阻止了投资的快速回撤,大量债券发行将导致资本持续紧缺。在缺乏明显催化剂推动油价持续下跌的情况下,不断扩大的财政赤字和企业持续的借贷行为,将使期限溢价有上行重估空间,并把10年期美债收益率更牢固地锁定在5.0%以上。
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